How were the Lookout Holes on the Great Wall Designed?

The lookout holes on the Great Wall were meticulously designed to serve their crucial function of surveillance. These holes were typically small and narrow, allowing the guards to peer out without being easily detected by potential enemies. They were strategically placed at different heights and angles along the walls and watchtowers. The lower holes were designed to provide a view of the immediate area around the base of the wall, enabling the detection of any approaching threats from the ground level. The higher holes, often located in the upper parts of the watchtowers, offered a broader perspective, allowing the guards to scan the surrounding landscapes, including valleys, passes, and distant approaches. The shape of the holes was usually rectangular or arched, with the edges sometimes being smoothed or reinforced to prevent damage. Some lookout holes were even equipped with movable covers or shutters that could be adjusted to control the amount of light and visibility, depending on the time of day and the need for concealment. This thoughtful design ensured that the guards had the best possible vantage points to keep a watchful eye on the surrounding areas and provide early warning of any impending danger.